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Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. This often illegal practice can be extremely destructive to the surrounding ecosystem, as the explosion often destroys the underlying habitat (such as coral reefs) that supports the fish.〔(Coral degradation through destructive fishing practices )〕 The frequently improvised nature of the explosives used also means danger for the fishermen as well, with accidents and injuries. ==Description== Although outlawed, the practice remains widespread in Southeast Asia, as well as in the Aegean Sea, and coastal Africa. In the Philippines, where the practice has been well-documented,〔(Blast Fishing )〕 blast fishing was known prior to World War I, as this activity is mentioned by Ernst Jünger in his book ''Storm of Steel''.〔Jünger, Ernst (2004 ed) (''Storm of Steel'' ) Penguin Classics. Page 104. Translated by Michael Hofmann. ISBN 978-0-14-243790-2〕 One 1999 report estimated that some 70,000 fishermen (12% of the Philippines' total fishermen) engaged in the practice.〔(A Closer Look at Blast Fishing in the Philippines )〕 Extensive hard-to-patrol coastlines, the lure of lucrative, easy catches, and in some cases outright apathy or corruption on the part of local officials make enforcement of blast fishing bans an ongoing challenge for authorities.〔(Destructive fishing mini symposium at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium ), Bali, Indonesia〕 Commercial dynamite or, more commonly, homemade bombs constructed using a glass bottle with layers of powdered potassium nitrate and pebbles or an ammonium nitrate and kerosene mixture are often employed. Such devices, though, may explode prematurely without warning, and have been known to injure or kill the person using them, or innocent bystanders.〔 Underwater shock waves produced by the explosion stun the fish and cause their swim bladders to rupture. This rupturing causes an abrupt loss of buoyancy; a small number of fish float to the surface, but most sink to the sea floor. The explosions indiscriminately kill large numbers of fish and other marine organisms in the vicinity and can damage or destroy the physical environment, including extensive damage to coral reefs.〔(Explosions In The Cretan Sea: The scourge of illegal fishing ).〕〔Lewis JA (1996) ("Effects of underwater explosions on life in the sea" ) Australian Department of Defence, DSTO-GD-0080.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「blast fishing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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